Corneal and External Diseases

We offer state-of-the-art cataract and refractive procedures, including advanced lens implants and LASIK, to restore clear vision and reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses.

Corneal and external eye diseases involve the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, conjunctiva, and eyelids, including conditions such as cataracts, corneal allergies, infections, and irregularities. These disorders can affect vision at any age, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to preserve sight.

At Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, part of the University of Miami, we specialize in advanced care for corneal and external eye conditions, providing personalized treatment plans to maintain and protect your vision.

Common Corneal and External Eye Conditions

Cataracts
Fuchs’ Dystrophy
Corneal Dystrophy
Keratoconus
Corneal Edema
Ocular Surface Disease
Corneal Infectious Diseases
Pediatric Cornea Disorders
Corneal Ulcers (Keratitis)
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
Corneal Transplant Surgery
Pterygium
Dry Eye
Refractive Errors

What is the Cornea?

The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped outer layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. It consists of five layers: epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium. Unlike most tissues, the cornea has no blood vessels, relying on tears and the aqueous humor for nourishment and protection against infection.

The cornea serves two main functions:

1. Protection: Along with the eyelids, sclera, and tear film, the cornea shields the eye from dust, germs, and other harmful matter.
2. Vision: The cornea refracts (bends) incoming light onto the lens, which focuses it onto the retina, allowing clear vision. Any clouding or irregularity in the cornea can blur the image projected onto the retina.

Common Injuries and Irregularities

Trauma: Blunt injuries, lacerations, and foreign bodies can cause corneal scarring.

Hereditary Conditions: Degenerations and dystrophies, such as keratoconus, may alter corneal shape and cause high astigmatism.

Post-Surgical Changes: Occasionally, corneal edema may occur after cataract surgery, though advanced techniques and lens designs have reduced this risk.

Factors That Can Damage the Cornea

Chemical or thermal injuries
Infections or inflammation
Pathological conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or pemphigoid
Abnormal tissue growths, including pterygium or tumors
Neurotrophic disorders affecting eye sensation
Rare hereditary conditions like aniridia (absence of the iris)
Damage to the cornea can lead to scarring, abnormal blood vessel growth, and vision loss if untreated.

Advanced Treatments and Research

At Bascom Palmer, we use state-of-the-art medical and surgical techniques to treat corneal and external eye disorders, including corneal transplantation when necessary. Our research focuses on natural healing methods and the role of tears in promoting recovery, aiming to speed visual restoration and maximize patient satisfaction after surgery.

FAQ

What are corneal diseases, and what causes them?

The cornea is the clear front layer of the eye that helps focus light. Diseases like keratitis (inflammation) or dystrophies (genetic thinning) can cause pain, redness, or blurred vision. Common causes include infections from contact lenses, dry eye syndrome, or injuries from scratches. Think of it as the eye’s windshield—when it’s damaged, everything looks distorted.

How are external eye diseases like blepharitis treated?

External diseases affect the eyelids, conjunctiva, or surface, often from bacteria, allergies, or blockages in oil glands. Treatment starts with warm compresses and eyelid scrubs to clean debris, plus antibiotic ointments if infected. For chronic cases like blepharitis, ongoing hygiene and sometimes oral meds keep it managed. Early care prevents complications like corneal scratches.

Can corneal transplants fix severe damage?

Yes, a corneal transplant (keratoplasty) replaces a damaged cornea with a donor one, restoring clarity and strength. It’s common for conditions like Fuchs’ dystrophy or scars from infections. Full-thickness or partial transplants are options, done under local anesthesia as outpatient procedures. Success rates are high (over 90%), with vision improving over months.

What role do contact lenses play in treating corneal issues?

Special bandage contact lenses protect healing corneas, reduce pain from erosions, or even reshape irregular surfaces temporarily. For diseases like keratoconus (cone-shaped cornea), scleral lenses vault over the eye to provide clear vision without surgery. Always fit them with an eye specialist to avoid worsening conditions.

How can I prevent corneal and external eye problems?

Simple habits like proper contact lens hygiene, UV-protective sunglasses, and managing allergies go a long way. Stay hydrated, avoid rubbing eyes during allergies, and get annual eye exams to catch issues early. If you have dry eyes, over-the-counter drops can help, but see a doctor for persistent redness or pain.