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Retinal Vein Occlusions

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A retinal vein occlusion (RVO) occurs when a blood clot blocks a vein in your retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eye essential for vision. This blockage can cause permanent vision loss if not promptly managed.

RVO is more common in older adults with high blood pressure or atherosclerosis. Other contributing factors include narrow retinal veins, inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis), clotting disorders, diabetes, certain medications such as birth control pills, and other eye conditions.

Types of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)

Only a portion of the retina is affected when a segment of the main retinal vein is blocked.

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)

The entire retina is affected when the main retinal vein is blocked, leading to more significant vision loss.

Symptoms

Symptoms may develop suddenly or gradually:

  • Blurry or hazy vision in part or all of the visual field
  • Partial loss of vision that may worsen over time
  • Sudden and severe vision loss in some cases

Because the blockage cannot be removed, treatment focuses on managing complications and preserving remaining vision.

Diagnostic Tests

At Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, your retinal specialists use advanced testing to diagnose RVO accurately:

Comprehensive Eye Exam

Includes a detailed dilated examination and health history review.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

High-resolution imaging of the retina to assess swelling and damage.

Ophthalmoscopy

Uses a magnifying lighted tool to examine retinal blood vessels and structures.

Fluorescein Angiography

Dye is injected into a vein to visualize retinal blood flow and detect blockages.

Blood Tests, Imaging, and Blood Pressure Monitoring

Identify underlying conditions such as hypertension, clotting disorders, or other vascular problems.

Treatment Options

While the clot itself cannot be removed, treatment aims to manage retinal swelling, prevent complications, and protect vision:

Control of systemic conditions: Managing blood pressure, diabetes, and other risk factors

Injections: Anti-VEGF or steroid injections can reduce retinal swelling and improve vision

Laser Therapy: Applied in certain cases to prevent abnormal blood vessel growth and bleeding

Why Choose Bascom Palmer Eye Institute?

Nation’s #1 Eye Care Provider

  • Ranked by U.S. News & World Report for exceptional ophthalmic care, research, and education.

Renowned Specialists

  • Pioneers in retinal care and fluorescein angiography, with decades of experience treating RVO.

Patient-Centered Care

  • Each patient receives personalized guidance and treatment tailored to their unique condition.

Comprehensive Approach

  • Multidisciplinary teams manage underlying health issues alongside retinal disease.

Cutting-Edge Imaging and Research

  • Advanced diagnostic tools and clinical studies ensure access to the latest treatment options.

FAQ

What is a retinal vein occlusion (RVO)?
RVO blocks a retinal vein, causing swelling (macular edema) and bleeding, like a stroke in the eye. It blurs central vision suddenly.
High blood pressure, glaucoma, or clotting disorders; age over 50 common. Branches (BRVO) or central (CRVO) types vary severity.
Fundus exam shows hemorrhages, OCT for swelling, fluorescein for block site. Quick to confirm.
Anti-VEGF injections reduce swelling, lasers seal leaks, steroids for inflammation. Many regain some vision.
Manage heart risks: BP control, no smoking, diabetes check. Prompt care for symptoms saves vision.

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