Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a condition that affects babies born prematurely or at a low birth weight. In premature infants, the blood supply to the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) is often not fully developed. As the eyes grow, new blood vessels may form abnormally, sometimes bleeding or growing into parts of the eye where they shouldn’t. This can lead to scar tissue, retinal detachment, vision loss, and even blindness if untreated.

Why Early Screening Matters

ROP usually doesn’t show symptoms until it becomes severe or progresses to retinal detachment. Early eye exams are essential to protect your newborn’s vision. Babies with ROP need lifelong follow-up, even if they don’t require treatment initially.

Who Is at Risk?

Babies born at 28 weeks or earlier, or weighing less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces, are at higher risk. To prevent vision loss, your baby should be examined by a pediatric eye doctor 4–6 weeks after birth.

How Bascom Palmer Protects Your Baby’s Vision

As one of the only eye centers in the country with ophthalmologists specializing in pediatric eye health, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute provides expert care for ROP. Our specialists monitor premature infants during and after their time in the NICU, ensuring early detection and timely treatment.

Diagnostic Tests

Comprehensive Screening Exam

A full eye exam 4–6 weeks after birth, performed in the NICU or clinic, is the most important step in early detection.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Provides 3-D cross-sectional images of your baby’s retina.

Ultrasound

Uses high-frequency sound waves to produce detailed images of the eyes and eye sockets safely and painlessly.

Treatment Options

Laser Therapy: Protects the retina by stopping the growth of abnormal blood vessels.

Injections: Medication can be injected into the eye to prevent abnormal vessel growth. Numbing drops are used to ensure your baby’s comfort.

Because more premature and low birth weight infants are surviving due to medical advances, ROP is now the leading cause of childhood blindness—making early detection and treatment critical.

Why Choose Bascom Palmer Eye Institute?

The Nation’s Top Eye Hospital

Ranked #1 in the U.S., providing the highest level of specialized care for infants.

Leading Pediatric Specialists

Our ophthalmologists are experts in diagnosing and treating ROP, giving your baby the best chance for healthy vision.

Compassionate, Family-Centered Care

We support families through the challenges of premature birth with guidance, reassurance, and expertise.

Research and Innovation

Bascom Palmer has pioneered new insights into ROP, improving early detection and identifying at-risk infants.

FAQ

What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?

ROP affects preemies’ retinal blood vessels, which grow abnormally, risking scarring and detachment. Common in babies under 1.5kg.

How is ROP screened?

Eye exams start at 4-6 weeks post-birth for at-risk infants. Dilated views detect stages 1-5.

What treatments stop ROP progression?

Laser or injections (anti-VEGF) for severe cases; most mild resolve naturally. Early intervention prevents blindness.

What are long-term effects of ROP?

Mild: none; severe: myopia or strabismus. Follow-up into childhood ensures development.

Can ROP be prevented?

NICU oxygen control helps, but prematurity is key risk. All preemies get screened—no parent fault.